Pharmacogenomics is a rapidly evolving scientific discipline that explores how an individual’s unique genetic makeup influences their response to medications. By unraveling the intricate relationships between genes and drug metabolism , pharmacogenomics explains why some patients experience optimal therapeutic effects while others suffer adverse reactions , suboptimal efficacy, or unexpected drug sensitivities . This revolutionary field integrates pharmaceutical sciences, genomics, molecular biology , and bioinformatics , enabling the design of highly personalized treatment strategies tailored to each patient’s genetic profile . Insights from pharmacogenomic research allow clinicians to anticipate individual responses with unprecedented precision, reducing the reliance on trial-and-error prescribing and significantly improving patient safety and outcomes. The impact of pharmacogenomics on modern healthcare is transformative. By minimizing adverse drug rea...