Personalized oncology is revolutionizing the paradigm of cancer care by integrating high-resolution molecular profiling , comprehensive genomic sequencing , and artificial intelligence (AI) to design treatment strategies that are precisely aligned with the unique biological characteristics of each patient. This approach transcends traditional oncology , which has historically relied on standardized therapies based primarily on tumor type, stage, or histology . The next-generation model of personalized oncology accounts for the profound heterogeneity observed both within individual tumors and across patient populations. By leveraging AI-driven analysis of multi-omics data , imaging, and real-world clinical evidence , clinicians can implement dynamically adaptive interventions that are biologically informed, predictive, and optimized for maximal therapeutic efficacy. Even tumors classified under the same histological subtype can exhibit profound heterogeneity...